Nose-to-brain delivery of temozolomide-loaded PLGA nanoparticles functionalized with anti-EPHA3 for glioblastoma targeting

Glioblastoma is the most common malignant brain tumor. Efficient delivery of drugs targeting glioblastomas remains a challenge. Ephrin type-A receptor 3 (EPHA3) tyrosine kinase antibody-modified polylactide-co-glycolide (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) were developed to target glioblastoma via nose-to-brain delivery. Anti-EPHA3-modified, TBE-loaded NPs were prepared using an emulsion-solvent evaporation method, showed a sustained in vitro release profile up to 48 h and a mean particle size of 145.9 ± 8.7 nm. The cellular uptake of anti-EPHA3-modified NPs by C6 cells was significantly enhanced compared to that of nontargeting NPs (p < .01). In vivo imaging and distribution studies on the glioma-bearing rats showed that anti-EPHA3-modified NPs exhibited high fluorescence intensity in the brain and effectively accumulated to glioma tissues, indicating the targeting effect of anti-EPHA3. Glioma-bearing rats treated with anti-EPHA3-modified NPs resulted in significantly higher tumor cell apoptosis (p < .01) than that observed with other formulations and prolonged the median survival time of glioma-bearing rats to 26 days, which was 1.37-fold longer than that of PLGA NPs. The above results indicated that anti-EPHA3-modified NPs may potentially serve as a nose-to-brain drug carrier for the treatment of glioblastoma.     

新等位基因人类白细胞抗原B*15:133的鉴定及其原核表达

背景:国际上至2010-04共报告人类白细胞抗原4 633个等位基因,中国自2000年至少发现200个新的等位基因,由于资金和时间有限,大部分新等位基因未作血清分型、家系研究以及进一步的功能性研究.目的:在健康志愿者人群中发现新等位基因,并对其进行家系研究,同时构建重链胞外区多肽的原核细胞表达载体,鉴定其在原核细胞中是否表达.方法:利用PCR-SSO和PCR-SBT技术,对人群的人类白细胞抗原进行筛选.使用血清学和SBT技术对拥有新等位基因的供者进行家系分析.用分子克隆的方法构建表达载体转染原核细胞,运用Western-blot鉴定是否表达.结果与结论:发现一个新等位基因与人类白细胞抗原B*15:18:01在第419位相差一个核苷酸,C->T, 即Codon116位 TCC->TTC,导致氨基酸由丝氨酸改变成苯丙氨酸.最终确定命名为人类白细胞抗原B*15:133.血清学表达B71(70)抗原.发现此供者的新等位基因来自于母亲.表达载体pET30a(+)- B*15:133在原核细胞中表达的多肽可被抗HIS标签单克隆抗体特异性识别.结果表明,使用分子生物学技术在大样本的筛查下发现了新等位基因人类白细胞抗原B*15:133,利用分子克隆的方法成功构建表达载体pET30a(+)- B*15:133,并在原核细胞中有大量高纯度蛋白表达.     

Micropatterns of Non‐Circular Droplets of Nanostructured PS‐b‐PEO Copolymer by Solvent‐Assisted Wetting on a Chemically Periodic Surface

A method to fabricate micropatterns of non‐circular droplets of a self‐assembled block copolymer by solvent‐assisted wetting on chemically periodic surface is presented. The block copolymer is dewetted on a topographic pre‐pattern to form an array of microdroplets with a sphere‐capped shape and circular contact line. The droplets are then transferred onto a chemically periodic Au line pattern microcontact‐printed with two types of self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs). Solvent vapor application provides sufficient mobility to the block copolymer molecules to induce spreading of the transferred droplets, resulting in two types of non‐circular microdroplet growth. The growth behavior depends on the size of initial droplets relative to periodic line width and on the initial registries of as‐transferred droplets.     

Osteoconductive effectiveness of bone graft derived from antler cancellous bone: an experimental study in the rabbit mandible defect model

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the properties of a novel inorganic xenogenic bone substitute, calcinated antler cancellous bone (CACB). Physicochemical properties of CACB including surface morphology, phase composition, chemical bond structure, Ca/P ratio and porosity were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy and nitrogen adsorption analysis, and were found to closely resemble calcinated human cancellous bone. The bone defect repair efficacy of CACB was evaluated in comparison with commercially available bone substitutes (Bio-Oss^®) within rabbit mandible defects. The gross observation, micro-CT and histology analysis data demonstrated that CACB was efficacious for bone regeneration, and was comparable with Bio-Oss^® bone substitute in inducing neovascularization and osteogenesis within the mandible defects. CACB can therefore serve as a safe, renewable, and sustainable source of bone graft material, but without the ethical issues pertaining to animal welfare.     

HIV Infection,Sexual Behaviors,Sexual Networks,and Drug Use Among Rural Residents in Yunnan Province,China

This cross-sectional study examined HIV prevalence, sexual behaviors, sexual networks, and drug use among 591 participants from a rural community in Yunnan Province, China. Face-to-face interviews were conducted to collect information about sexual behavior, drug use, and sexual networks. Blood samples were collected and tested for HIV. Of the participants, 52.6% were male and 62.6% were Jingpo minority. The HIV prevalence was 5.5% overall and highest among the Jingpo minority (7.7%). Most participants were sexually experienced and 32.5% had had multiple sex partners. About 18.8% had used drugs, with the highest proportion among the Jingpo minority. HIV infection was independently correlated with drug use among males and with multiple sexual partnerships among females. A total of 336 independent sexual network components (mostly small, linear, and acyclic) were constructed. Eighty-percent were dyads involving two members and 20% involved three to 71 members. Coupled with the promotion of condom use, gender- and network-specific efforts are needed for HIV prevention targeting ethnic minorities in Yunnan.     

体质辨识在疾病康复过程中的应用与意义探讨

本文从疾病康复过程中辨别体质的应用原则、应用方法以及意义等方面进行讨论，认为疾病康复过程中应辨别体质以施护。中医学在辨别体质促康复方面有着独一无二的优势，康复阶段改善康复对象的体质状态以促进治疗效果和防止疾病复发有着极其重要的作用。